Physical description of crude oil
Oil is composed of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. That is, the chemical composition of crude oil may vary. However, the key components are carbon (93% - 97%), hydrogen (10% - 14%), nitrogen (0.1% - 2%), oxygen and sulfur 6%), with traces of metals, paraffins and naphthenes. DOT plans to fund work at Sandia to identify the most appropriate sampling and testing methods and DOE will support initial combustion testing to identify relationships between a particular chemical or physical property of crude oil, or combination of such properties, and combustion properties. Petroleum, or crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid that originates from the Carboniferous period about 200 to 400 million years ago. Plants, ferns, trees, and algae formed peat which over millions of years turned into petroleum (crude) oil, natural gas, and coal. Volatilized oil is reported conventionally as part of the crude-oil reserves and production. It should not be confused with and is distinctly different from natural-gas liquids. Natural-gas liquids are derived from the gas-processing plant and are called plant products. Many types of crude oil are produced around the world. The market value of an individual crude stream reflects its quality characteristics. Two of the most important quality characteristics are density and sulfur content. Density ranges from light to heavy, while sulfur content is characterized as sweet or sour. Petroleum or crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. The composition varies widely depending on where and how the petroleum was formed. In fact, chemical analysis can be used to fingerprint the source of petroleum. However, raw petroleum or crude oil has characteristic properties and composition.
26 Jun 2013 Many types of crude oil are produced around the world. The market value of an individual crude stream reflects its quality characteristics. Two of
DOT plans to fund work at Sandia to identify the most appropriate sampling and testing methods and DOE will support initial combustion testing to identify relationships between a particular chemical or physical property of crude oil, or combination of such properties, and combustion properties. Petroleum, or crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid that originates from the Carboniferous period about 200 to 400 million years ago. Plants, ferns, trees, and algae formed peat which over millions of years turned into petroleum (crude) oil, natural gas, and coal. Volatilized oil is reported conventionally as part of the crude-oil reserves and production. It should not be confused with and is distinctly different from natural-gas liquids. Natural-gas liquids are derived from the gas-processing plant and are called plant products. Many types of crude oil are produced around the world. The market value of an individual crude stream reflects its quality characteristics. Two of the most important quality characteristics are density and sulfur content. Density ranges from light to heavy, while sulfur content is characterized as sweet or sour. Petroleum or crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. The composition varies widely depending on where and how the petroleum was formed. In fact, chemical analysis can be used to fingerprint the source of petroleum. However, raw petroleum or crude oil has characteristic properties and composition.
Crude oil is physically separated by fractionation in atmospheric and vacuum A brief description of those which are specific and pertinent to refining follows:
The physical characteristics of crude oil determine how refineries process it. In simple terms, crude oils are classified by density and sulfur content. Less dense (lighter) crude oils generally have a higher share of light hydrocarbons. This course provides an introduction to the trading of physical crude oil. Delegates will gain an understanding of the knowledge possessed by a physical crude oil trader and the steps involved in negotiating a physical crude oil transaction. In addition, delegates will be given an overview of crude oil quality, Two of the most important quality characteristics are density and sulfur content. Density ranges from light to heavy, while sulfur content is characterized as sweet or sour. The crude oils represented in the chart are a selection of some of the crude oils marketed in various parts of the world. Crude oil is a mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons (compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon ), though it also contains some nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Those elements form a large variety of complex molecular structures, some of which cannot be readily identified. Physical and Chemical Properties of Crude Oil and Oil Products 1- Density, Specific Gravity, and API Gravity Density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by ρ. Liquid Physical Properties. Crude oils range from very fluid, volatile liquids to viscous, semisolid materials. The color is usually black or black with a greenish tinge. It can also be reddish, greenish yellow, light yellow, or transparent. The smell ranges from gasoline (sweet crude) to foul (sour crude) to fruity Oil is composed of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. That is, the chemical composition of crude oil may vary. However, the key components are carbon (93% - 97%), hydrogen (10% - 14%), nitrogen (0.1% - 2%), oxygen and sulfur 6%), with traces of metals, paraffins and naphthenes.
26 Jun 2013 Many types of crude oil are produced around the world. The market value of an individual crude stream reflects its quality characteristics. Two of
Characteristics of Crude Oil. •The hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories: •Paraffins: These can make up 15 to 60% of crude. •Paraffins are the desired content in crude and what are used to make fuels. •The shorter the paraffins are, the lighter the crude is. •Napthenes: These can make up 30 to 60% of crude. The behavior of a crude oil or diluted bitumen released into the environment is shaped not only by its chemical composition but also by its physical properties. Those of particular interest are density, viscosity, flash point, and adhesion.
(1) To obtain weathering characteristics of crude oils representative of the Alaska OCS (Outer. Continental Shelf) and typical refined products transported in
Physical and Chemical Properties of Crude Oil and Oil Products 1- Density, Specific Gravity, and API Gravity Density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by ρ. Liquid Some of the most important physical properties of crude oil include: oAPI. oAPI = (141.5/SG 15oF) - 131.5 The purpose of this equation was to extend the range of the specific gravity scale. Crude oil SG changes, although small, may be important.
Oil is composed of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. That is, the chemical composition of crude oil may vary. However, the key components are carbon (93% - 97%), hydrogen (10% - 14%), nitrogen (0.1% - 2%), oxygen and sulfur 6%), with traces of metals, paraffins and naphthenes. DOT plans to fund work at Sandia to identify the most appropriate sampling and testing methods and DOE will support initial combustion testing to identify relationships between a particular chemical or physical property of crude oil, or combination of such properties, and combustion properties. Petroleum, or crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid that originates from the Carboniferous period about 200 to 400 million years ago. Plants, ferns, trees, and algae formed peat which over millions of years turned into petroleum (crude) oil, natural gas, and coal. Volatilized oil is reported conventionally as part of the crude-oil reserves and production. It should not be confused with and is distinctly different from natural-gas liquids. Natural-gas liquids are derived from the gas-processing plant and are called plant products. Many types of crude oil are produced around the world. The market value of an individual crude stream reflects its quality characteristics. Two of the most important quality characteristics are density and sulfur content. Density ranges from light to heavy, while sulfur content is characterized as sweet or sour.